Nanostructure-Engineered Optical and Electrochemical Biosensing Toward Food Safety Assurance

Considering the necessity of food safety testing, various biosensors have been developed based on biological elements (e.g., antibodies, aptamers), chemical elements (e.g., molecu- larly imprinted polymers), physical elements (e.g., nanopores) as recognition substances. According to the sensing patterns of signal transduction, the biosensors could be classified into optical and electrochemical biosensing, including fluorescence sensing, Raman sensing, colorimetric sensing, electrochemical...