Saponins from Solanum nigrum L. Fruit: Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Dual-Functional Efficacy

Solanum nigrum L., a widely consumed Asian medicinal edible plant, is a promising source of bioactive saponins for functional food applications. This study optimized the extrac- tion of saponins from S. nigrum fruits (8.59% total saponin yield), followed by isolation via column chromatography and structural elucidation using spectroscopic analyses (IR, NMR, and MS). Concurrently, the antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of the purified substances were detected and analyzed. The...