Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life, understand- ing how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal health. Feeding probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune function. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and...