Impacts of Climate Change on Grain Production in China, Japan, and South Korea Based on an Improved Economy–Climate Model

Climate change threatens grain production in East Asia. This study assesses the impacts of climate variables and climate change on rice, wheat, and maize total production using an improved economy–climate model (C-D-C model). The innovation is to model a roughly inverted U-shaped relationship between dry-wet conditions (measured by Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI) and production. Building on this, this study introduces a new metric reflecting extent of future climate...