Foodborne Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Aggravated Secondary Liver Injury in DSS-Induced Colitis: Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Secondary liver injury (SLI) is the most common complication in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and it is susceptible to environmental factors, including diet patterns. As a food-brightening agent, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are inevitably consumed by IBD patients. Currently, there are a few studies on TiO2 NPs exposure to SLI in colitis mice. In this study, a SLI model was built using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) free-drinking for 7 days after pre-exposure...