In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Tupistra chinensis Baker Total Saponins

Tupistra chinensis Baker, traditionally used in southern China as a folk remedy for sore throat and pharyngitis, has long been consumed as a medicinal tea. Steroidal saponins are considered the major bioactive constituents of its rhizome, yet systematic studies on their extraction and biological effects remain scarce. In this study, total steroidal saponins from T. chinensis (TCS) were prepared through optimized extraction and enrichment processes. Response surface methodology identified...