Optimization of Protein Extraction from Sunflower Meal Using Taguchi Design and Regression Modeling for Human Nutrition Applications

In response to the growing demand for sustainable protein sources, this study explores the valorization of sunflower meal—a by-product of oil extraction—as a protein-rich ingredient suitable for human nutrition. The aim was to optimize the extraction process and assess the nutritional and safety profile of the resulting protein flour. Mechanical stirring, ultrasound-assisted, and CO2-assisted extraction methods were evaluated, with mechanical stirring selected for optimization due to its...