Comparative Assessment of Gold and Carbon Nanoparticles as Tags for Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Fenpropathrin in Green Tea

Fenpropathrin (FPT) residues in tea pose a threat to consumers’ health. Lateral flow im- munoassay (LFIA) offers a rapid and convenient approach for FPT detection. However, existing LFIA formats, particularly those employing fluorescent nanoparticles, are suscepti- ble to interference from the tea matrix’s endogenous fluorescence, limiting their accuracy for FPT analysis. Here, two complementary LFIAs based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and carbon nanoparticle (CNP) tags were developed, both of...