Influences of pH on Gelling and Digestion–Fermentation Properties of Fish Gelatin–Polysaccharide Hydrogels

This study systematically evaluated the effects of pH (4–10) on the gelation properties, struc- tural characteristics, and in vitro digestion–fermentation behavior of fish gelatin (FG, 6% (w/v)) hydrogels combined with either xanthan gum (XG, 0.07% (w/v)) or κ-carrageenan (κC, 0.07% (w/v)). The results revealed that the gel strength, hardness, and chewiness of the composite gels initially increased (pH 4–6) and subsequently decreased with rising pH lev- els. This trend correlated with the...