Linoleic Acid and Linolenic Acid May Alleviate Heart Failure Through Aquaporin (AQP1) and Gut Microbiota

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited therapeutic options. Floating wheat (Fu Xiao Mai), used in tradi- tional Chinese medicine for CHF, contains linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) as major bioactive components, but their therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Objec- tive: this study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of LA and ALA in CHF, focusing on their interactions with aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and...