Effects of fermented red bean extract on nephropathy in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: The antioxidant effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented red bean (natto-red bean) extract (NRBE) in young (6 weeks old) Sprague–Dawley rats and aged (12 months old) mice had been reported previously. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NRBE in the kidneys of streptozo- cin-induced diabetic rats. Design: Normal control rats and diabetic rats were orally gavaged with saline and low-dose NRBE (100 mg/ kg body weight [BW]), medium-dose NRBE (200 mg/kg...