Quantitative Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Plant-Based Milk Beverages

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic com- pounds formed during the thermal processing of protein- and sugar-rich foods, yet their occurrence in plant-based milk alternatives remains largely unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the presence of HAAs in plant-based milk beverages. The aim of this study was to develop a robust and environmentally friendly μSPE–UHPLC–MS/MS method for the quantification of ten HAAs...