INVITED REVIEW: Impact of Maternal Health and Nutrition on the Microbiome and Immune Development of Neonatal Calves

This comprehensive review highlights the intricate interplay between maternal factors and the co-develop- ment of the microbiome and immune system in neonatal calves. Based on human and mouse studies, multiple prenatal and postnatal factors influence this process by altering the host-associated microbiomes (gut, respira- tory tract, skin), microbial colonization trajectories, and priming of the immune systems (mucosal and systemic). This review emphasizes the importance of early life exposure,...