Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Phenolics Recovery from Avocado Peels Using Ultrasound and Microwave Technologies

Background: Avocado (Persea americana) peels account for ~20% of the fruit weight and are rich in bioactive compounds, offering significant revalorization potential. This study optimized the extraction parameters of phenolics using ultrasound- (UAE) and microwave- assisted technologies (MAE) with a Central Composite Design (CCD). Methods: The extraction variables included EtOH concentration (0–100%), temperature (13–47 ◦C for UAE and 55–95 ◦C for MAE), and time (3–37 min for UAE and 3–27 min...