Green Extraction and Targeted LC-MS Analysis of Biopesticides in Honey Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) were synthesized from food-grade components and evaluated as green extractants for the simultaneous recovery and liquid chromatogra- phy coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC–Q-Orbitrap-MS) analysis of biopesticide residues in a complex matrix like honey. Conventional solid–liquid extraction (SLE) was applied, initially using choline chloride-2,3-butanediol (1:4, molar ratio) as the NADES extractant solvent, before systematically evaluating...