A Review of Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Butyrate Synthesis: Interactions Between Dietary Polysaccharides and Proteins

Butyrate is a key short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) essential for maintaining colon health, immune homeostasis, and metabolic balance. Its synthesis primarily depends on the fer- mentation of dietary substrates by the gut microbiota. In a healthy state, carbohydrate fermentation sustains the stability of the gut microbiota; however, in chronic diseases, the diversity of the microbiota decreases, and the metabolic pathway shifts from carbohydrate fermentation to protein fermentation, thereby...