Background: Diets inducing high fluctuations in plasma glucose levels are linked to type 2 diabetes. L-arabi- nose and D-xylose have been hypothesized to inhibit intestinal sucrase activity, delay sucrose digestion, and reduce glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. However, few human studies have assessed this using realistic foods. Objective: We investigated the effects of the addition of L-arabinose and D-xylose on glucose homeostasis using a fruit-based drink and the effect of L-arabinose...
starch, protein, nutrition, texture, analysis
Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play beneficial roles in metabolism and health. Little is known about the effects of different doses of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota. Objective: In this study, we focus on the effects of different doses of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota and immunity. Design: BALB/c mice was first treated with ceftriaxone sodium for 7 days, and then they received saline or different doses of omega-3 PUFAs (30, 60 and 90 mg omega-3 PUFAs) via daily...
polyphenols, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background: Fisetin, a natural potent flavonoid, has various beneficial, pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated expression changes of the fisetin regulating genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and explored the role of fisetin in inflammation and autophagy. Methods and results: Microarray analysis identified 1,071 genes that were regulated by fisetin in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, and these genes were mainly related to the process of immune system...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, enzymes
Background: Wine is one of the oldest and most popular drinks worldwide, which is rich in phenolic com- pounds. Epidemiological studies show that moderate consumption of wine can reduce the risk of certain diseases, and this effect is attributed to its phenolic compounds. Objective: The objective of this review was to elaborate the effects of wine-derived phenolic compounds for preclinical anticancer therapeutics and their major mechanisms. Methods: In this review, we discuss the...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for developing lung cancer. Aged citrus peel (chenpi) has been used as a dietary supplement for respiratory diseases in China. Objective: To explore the mechanism and candidate compounds of chenpi preventing COPD and its progres- sion to lung cancer. Methods: The active components and potential targets of chenpi were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database....
protein, nutrition, quality, color, storage
Background: Obesity is defined as an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, and it is a serious risk factor of non-communicable diseases. Recently many studies have shown that promoting browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to increase energy consumption has a great therapeutic potential for obesity. Sesamol, a lignan from sesame oil, had shown potential beneficial functions on obesity treatment. Objective: In this study, we used C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate...
protein, nutrition, quality, analysis, functional
Background: Seaweeds and kelps, also known as macroalgae, have long been common in the East-Asian diet. During recent years, macroalgae have entered the global food market, and a variety of macroalgae products are now available for consumers. Some macroalgae species are known to be particularly rich in iodine, but little data regarding the iodine content of macroalgae-containing foods exists. Objective: The aim of this research study was to analyse the iodine content in a large variety of...
noodles, starch, protein, nutrition, processing
Background: Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) contains multiple bioactive ingredients and has been used in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pro- cessing has been developed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants. However, the hypocho- lesterolemic effect of the HHP extract from mulberry leaves and its underlying mechanism have never been investigated. Objective: The specific aim of the present study was to...
polyphenols, starch, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 (‘Zero Hunger’) aims to end all forms of hun- ger and malnutrition by 2030. Thus, a range of different strategies are needed to facilitate the achievement of SDG 2 to overcome challenges and enable synergies between various SDG targets. Objective: The aim of this review is to highlight Africa’s progress toward SDG 2, including targets, strategies, synergies and challenges. Methods: We scrutinized published research articles in...
nutrition, processing, quality, analysis, health
Background: There are no national arrangements for free school meals provision in Norway despite this being an important opportunity to improve children’s and adolescents’ nutritional status and ultimately their physi- cal and cognitive development. During a one academic year (2014–2015), a group of Norwegian sixth graders were served a free healthy school meal in a project called ‘The School Meal Project’. Objective: To explore students’ and teachers’ experiences of receiving free school...
wheat, nutrition, quality, analysis, bread
Purpose: Genetic and lifestyle/environmental factors as well as their interplay contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several trials have shown that lifestyle intervention is effective in the prevention of T2D, but there are no trials that have taken into account the genetic risk of the participants. The aim of our T2D-GENE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02709057) is to investigate the effects of lifestyle intervention on the prevention of T2D in participants with a high...
protein, fiber, nutrition, quality, analysis
Background: As part of the process of updating national dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 project (NNR2022) will select a limited number of topics for systematic reviews (SRs). Objective: To develop and transparently describe the results of a procedure for prioritisation of topics that may be submitted for SRs in the NNR2022 project. Design: In an open call, scientists, health professionals, national food and...
wheat, starch, protein, nutrition, processing
Background: Recent evidence indicates that the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis is possible to develop a potential therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous work suggested that purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, effectively improved many features of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. However, whether PSPC ameliorates HFD-induced hepato- cyte apoptosis has never been investigated. Objective: Here we investigated...
polyphenols, flour, protein, nutrition, color
The green cocoon shell of a novel variety of silkworm, Bombyx mori, is rich in two types of quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids. The aim of this study was to identify these flavonoids in the ethanolic extract (EE) from green cocoons and develop EE applications in healthy foods. The experimental results indicated that the amount of total amino acids in EE was 27.06%. The flavonoids in EE are presented in quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. The total amount of the two aglycones was 33.42 ± 0.08...
antioxidants, starch, protein, nutrition, processing
Background: As a typical representative of metabolic syndrome, obesity is also one of the extremely danger- ous factors of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the prevention and treatment of obesity has gradually become a global campaign. There have been many reports that green tea is effective in preventing obesity, but as a kind of green tea with regional characteristics, there have been no reports that Hakka stir-fried tea (HT) of different storage years has a weight loss effect. Aims: The aim...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Objective: The aim of this study was to- conduct a meta-analysis of the association of bone mineral density, height, and weight in different populations between vegans and non-vegans. Methods: Based on a search of PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, the Wanfang database, and the CNKI database, 14 relevant publications were collected by two researchers. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: The following results were observed in this...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background: Antibiotics are very effective for treating diarrhea in weaned pigs, but the global prohibition of antibiotics makes it urgent to find an alternative to antibiotics. Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of a linear trpzip-like β- hairpin antimicrobial peptide WK3 in vivo and to assess its effects on growth performance and intestinal health. Design: Thirty-two piglets were weaned at 21 days and housed in individual metabolic cages, which...
wheat, protein, nutrition, quality, storage
Background: Recently, clinical research has suggested that red ginseng components play a role in liver protec- tion and combating fatigue. However, fermented ginseng has not been analyzed for liver-protective or anti- fatigue effects. Objective: This study evaluates the positive effects of fermented ginseng powder (GBCK25) on liver function. Methods: Ninety participants with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (35 ≤ ALT ≤1 05 IU/L) were ran- domized to one of three groups. The...
protein, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Although the rice processing characteristics and processing quality evaluation technologies have been studied for many years in China, there have been few reports on the evaluation index system and evalua- tion method of fresh instant rice processing quality. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation model of fresh instant rice to achieve the effective quantitative quality analysis. Methods: A total of 108 japonica rice varieties were...
food science, noodles, starch, nutrition, processing
Background: Polyphenols are a class of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of physiological func- tions. Polyphenols and their intestinal metabolites could greatly affect host energy metabolism via multiple mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this review was to elaborate the role of intestinal microecology in the regulatory effects of dietary polyphenols and their metabolites on energy metabolism. Methods: In this review, we illustrated the potential mechanisms of energy metabolism...
food science, polyphenols, protein, nutrition, storage
Background: Empirical evidence on the link between agrobiodiversity and dietary diversity appears to be inconclusive. Thus, there arises a need to determine other factors that could significantly influence dietary diversity in different agro-ecological zones, as factors may vary from region to region. Objective: The objective of this study was to document the status of agrobiodiversity and dietary diversity and to assess the determinants of dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in...
wheat, starch, protein, nutrition, quality
Background: The effects of β-glucan on colitis mice are contradictory in previous reports. As a result, it is still unclear whether there is an anti-colitis effect in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), which is mainly com- posed of β-glucan. Moreover, the association between GLP function and gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether GLP consumption improved rat dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by regulating gut microbiota and...
food science, polyphenols, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Sustainable nutritional strategies to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are highly needed. Inclusion of meal replacements may increase adherence to plant-based diets (PBDs). Objective: The aim of this study was to test the effects of a transition from a western-type diet to a new nutritional paradigm with a PBD from predominately unrefined whole food sources, eaten ad libitum and including nutrient-enriched plant-based meal replacements twice daily. Design: This was a...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) peel has been always considered as useless because of the harsh taste. To promote the full utilization of kiwifruit resources it is essential to explore the nutritional benefits of kiwifruit peel. Objective: Our studies explored the difference in polyphenolic composition and biological activity including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity of the flesh and peel of kiwifruit. Design: Antioxidant activity of the extracted...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: Dietary intake of cereal fiber has been reported to benefit lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms. The present study aimed to discover the potential mechanisms by which cereal fiber could modify the intestinal cholesterol metabolism. Design: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a reference chow (RC) diet; high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet; HFC plus oat fiber diet; or HFC plus wheat bran fiber diet for 24 weeks. Serum lipids were measured by enzy- matic methods. Western blot was...
food science, wheat, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread diseases in the world, high glucose can damage islet cells, it is important to discover new natural products to inhibit high glucose damage. The protective ef- fects and mechanisms of a novel Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) against damage induced by high glucose in MIN6 cells were explored. Methods: Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the activity of superoxide...
protein, nutrition, quality, enzymes, analysis
Objective: Exposure to food marketing may influence children’s food preferences and consumption patterns and may increase the risk of childhood obesity. The WHO Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has recently released a regional nutrient profile model (WHO EMR) for the purpose of regulating the marketing of food and beverages to children. This study aimed at 1) analyzing the frequency and types of food and drink advertisements during children’s viewing time in Lebanon; 2)...
food science, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Menopause induces various metabolic disorders due to the rapid decrease of the ovarian hormone estrogen. It is involved in increased risk of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. The pigmented giant embryo cultivar is a promising food product for menopause-induced metabolic disorders. Objective: The effects of non-germinated and germinated Keunnunjami, a new blackish purple pigmented rice with a giant embryo, on glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats were...
food science, antioxidants, wheat, flour, starch
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease characterized by progressive loss of func- tional muscle mass followed by changes in body composition. Objective: This study aimed to describe and evaluate bioimpedance parameters in boys with DMD. Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive study investigated children and adolescents diagnosed with DMD. Age, weight, height, resistance, and reactance data were collected. Phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis were...
protein, nutrition, quality, analysis, health
Background: Coconut water and vinegars have been reported to possess potential anti-tumour and immuno- stimulatory effects. However, the anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects of coconut water vinegar have yet to be tested. Objective: This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour effects of coconut water vinegar on 4T1 breast cancer cells. Methods: The 4T1 cells were treated with freeze-dried coconut water vinegar and subjected to MTT cell viabil- ity,...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color, shelf life
Background: Breakfast is often described as the most important meal of the day. Several studies have focused on examining if breakfast habits have any short-term effects on school attendance, academic achievement, and general health in children and adolescents. Informed decisions of whether to promote eating breakfast or not require a more long-term perspective. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of scientific publications studying the effects identified as...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, analysis
Background: ‘Bianliang ziyu’, a famous chrysanthemum variety commonly planted in Kaifeng, China, is often consumed by local residents. However, the hepatoprotective effects of Bianliang ziyu and their underlying mechanisms are not clear. Objective: In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of Bianliang ziyu extract (BZE) on liver injury and explored its molecular mechanisms. Design: Sprague-Dawley rats were administered BZE by intragastric administration for...
food science, polyphenols, antioxidants, flour, protein
Background: Kiwifruit is one of the most commercialized fruits on the international market, which has notable high nutritional and medicinal value with many health benefits. In addition to being consumed fresh, numerous kiwifruit products are popular, such as kiwifruit juice, vinegar, dried slices, jam, wine, yogurt, and jelly. Although many studies have described the nutritional properties of kiwifruit, investiga- tions on the nutritional properties of kiwifruit products remain limited,...
food science, polyphenols, antioxidants, starch, protein
Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is increasing worldwide and is caused by different envi- ronmental and genetic factors, with an increase in the consumption of high-energy–containing food and a decrease in physical activity constituting two of the main reasons. Sweet taste perception may have an effect on the subject’s dietary choices and affect his or her predisposition to obesity. Objectives: The aim was to study the sweet taste perception and dental caries in relation to...
nutrition, sensory, color, analysis, health
This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that the beneficial metabolic effects of dietary fiber, konjac glucomannan (KGM), related with in vivo digestion might be altered if the complicated food matrix was taken into consideration. A diet of precooked noodles (PN), as widely produced and consumed in Asia, was used to simulate an actual food context. Assays were conducted with male Wistar rats (n = 80); the rats were divided into five groups and fed with either PN (control), PN...
food science, noodles, wheat, flour, starch
Background: Dietary diversity scores (DDS) are simple indicators often used as proxies for nutrient adequacy. A 10-food group indicator is proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a global standard for measuring dietary diversity among women in low-resource settings. However, its valid- ity as a proxy for nutrient adequacy across different agricultural seasons for pregnant women has not been determined. Objective: We studied associations between DDS and...
protein, nutrition, quality, health, composition
Background: Food labeling is an important communication tool for the exposure of nutrition information in foods. Objective: The presence of labeling messages related to nutrients, health properties, allergens, and additives in meat products marketed in Spain was analyzed in this work. The data collection was done through the web pages of six Spanish meat industries, and 642 products were gathered. The following labeling information was collected: the presence of nutrition claims, the presence...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Inflammation in endothelial cells induces production of inflammatory cytokines and monocytes adhesion, which are crucial events in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Aronia berry (Aronia meranocalpa), also called black chokeberry, contains abundant anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their possible relations to vascular health. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an anthocyanin-rich extract obtained from aronia berry can attenuate...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, analysis, extraction
Backgrounds: Inflammatory response mediated by activated immune cells is a vital process in host defense system while responding to various stresses. Our previous studies have indicated that pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) and their main components punicalagin (PC) and ellagic acid (EA) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and in- flammatory mediators by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway, but whether these tested polyphenols play an important role in NF-κB...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing
Background: The American Society of Hematology reported that according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) anemia is the most common blood disorder, which affects more than 3 million Amer- icans, while the Global Burden of Disease 2016 (GBD 2016) reported that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the leading cause of anemia, which affects 1.93 billion people worldwide. Anemia is intricately linked to chronic inflammation, chronic kidney disease, gastrointestinal and...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, color
Background: By design, existing scenario-based nutrition economics studies on the financial benefits of healthy dietary behaviors generally report uncertainty in inputs and wide ranges of outcome estimates. Objectives: This modeling exercise aimed to establish precision in prediction of the potential healthcare cost savings that would follow a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) consistent with an increase in adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet). Design:...
food science, fiber, nutrition, quality, analysis
Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a newly recognised form of vitamin B3 and a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), has been demonstrated to show therapeutic potential and the possibility of becoming a drug compound in addition to its proven role in rejuvenating ageing cells in mice. However, current literature is devoid of information relating to the physicochemical characterisation of NR and its respective impact upon formulation and final product processing. Here we report...
protein, nutrition, processing, packaging, storage
Background: The research was conducted in the frame of a population-based, case control study, called Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Disease. Objective: To assess the association between protein intake and physical performance in a general population sample. Design: Researchers investigated the association between the participants’ dietary information and their phys- ical performance using the 6-min walking test and the distance walked in metres (6MWD) as main outcome measure....
starch, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background: Adequate nutrition during childhood and adolescence is essential to promote growth and development. Objective: This study evaluated usual energy and nutrient intakes of Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents. Design: Food and beverage intakes were collected from a nationally representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6–9 and 10–12 years (n = 3,594 and n = 2,971, respectively) and adolescents aged 13–18 years (n = 5,447) using 24-h di- etary recalls. The distributions of usual...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background: Fish fillet consumption is associated with beneficial health effects; however, little is known about whether consuming other parts of the fish such as head, backbone, skin, cut-offs, and entrails (collectively known as residuals) will provide comparable effects. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate if daily supplementation with cod residual protein powder would impact lipid metabolism in healthy adults. Methods: Forty healthy, lean, physically active participants (18...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, storage
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Its aetiology is multifactorial, but the major risk factor is a high in salt diet. During gastric carcinogenesis, cadherin-1 (CDH1) down-expression and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression may be observed. The intensity of these alter- ations contributes to the GC invasion, its metastases and poor prognosis. As the diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of GC, it is reasonable to include the...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color, enzymes
Curcuminoids, as the main ingredient of turmeric, are popularly used in food additives and condiments, and are widely accepted to be beneficial for human health for their antioxidant activity. However, curcuminoids are highly susceptible in terms of thermal-induced degradation, and curry is usually boiled, roasted, or fried in the use of food additives and condiments. Thus, it is interesting to explore the effect of cooking on the antioxidant activity of curcuminoids. In the present study, the...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing, color
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microbe-derived antioxidant (MA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipid disorders in mother rats and offspring. Methods: A total of 36 female rats were randomly divided into three groups at the beginning of pregnancy: the control group (CG), HFD, and HFD with 2% MA. Mother rats were slaughtered at the first and 10th day of lactation (L1 and L10) and offspring were slaughtered at L10. The plasma and liver of mother rats, and liver of...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing, color
Background: Fish protein hydrolysates are suggested to contain bioactive sequences capable of affecting met- abolic pathways involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and body weight when consumed in low doses. Modulation of the appetite-regulating hormone ghrelin may explain suppression of insulin secretion and weight loss observed in previous studies with fish protein hydrolysates. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of a single, low dose of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH)...
wheat, protein, nutrition, enzymes, safety
Introduction: A previous study has shown that Ala–Thr–Pro–Gly–Asp–Glu–Gly (ATPGDEG) peptide identified from boiled abalone by-products has high antioxidant activities and antihypertensive effect. Objective: In this study, we further investigated its antiphotoaging activities by ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced HaCaT cells. Result: UVB irradiation significantly increased the content of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in HaCaT cells...
food science, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color