Background: Dietary factors play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms. Carotenoids have effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but few studies have explored the associations be- tween dietary carotenoid intake and depressive symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults from the United States. Design: This cross-sectional study included adult participants from the National...
polyphenols, antioxidants, fiber, nutrition, analysis
Background: Cornus wilsoniana Wanger is a widely distributed woody oil plant in south China; oil extracted from its fruits has been the main source of edible oil for local residents for hundreds of years. Previous studies have demonstrated that Cornus wilsoniana oil (CWO) has hypolipidemic activity in rats. However, the hepato- protective effects of CWO and their underlying mechanisms are not clear. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, storage
Background: Obesity is closely related to osteoporosis. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have an- ti-osteoporosis activity. Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of LBPs in palmitic acid (PA)-induced osteoblast apoptosis. Methods: The microarray data set GSE37676 was downloaded from Gene Expression Ominibus (GEO) data- base. Top 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on STRING database, and significant...
protein, nutrition, color, analysis, functional
Background: Red rice koji (RRK), prepared by growing Monascus species on steamed rice, has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. However, the action mechanism is not yet completely understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic action of RRK extract in two diabetic animal models: the insulin-deficiency mice, where the insulin deficiency was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and insulin-resistance mice,...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color, fermentation
Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain the time range of non-industrial fresh watermelon juice (FWJ), which is widely used in the catering industry under different storage conditions, with safe-drinkable quality, and the drinking time range of fresh juice with good nutritional quality and sensory quality. Method: The quality of non-industrial FWJ was audited by assessing the shelf life of non-industrial FWJ through microbial safety, nutritional, and sensory quality investigating during...
food science, polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, fiber
Background: Anthocyanins (ACNs) are capable of suppressing breast cancer growth; however, investigation on the effect and mechanism of ACNs on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells is limited. A complete understanding of those properties may provide useful information on of how to use these natural compounds for cancer prevention and treatment. Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, quality, color
Background: Obesity is a principal risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular dis- eases. Natural plants and/or foods play an important role in the management of obesity. Acalypha australis L. (AAL) is a kind of potherb popular among Asian populations, and it is also consumed as a food ingredient and traditional herbal medicine. Objective: We investigated the effects of water extract from AAL on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to develop...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, color
Background: Wound complications are a major source of morbidity after cesarean section (CS) and contribute to increased risks in subsequent pregnancies. In the present study, we aim to investigate the wound healing potential of a kind of oligopeptide compound, mainly derived from the marine fish peptides (MFPs), in rats after CS by biomechanical, biochemical, and histological methods. Methods: Eighty-four pregnant Sprague–Dawleyrats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely the control...
protein, fiber, nutrition, quality, color
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to sig- nificant mortality. Cyclocarya paliurus is a tree, the leaves of which are often utilized to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus. Whether C. paliurus leaves can prevent or treat DCM, however, it remains to be formally assessed. The present study was therefore designed to assess the ability of C. paliurus to protect against DCM in db/db mice. Methods: Male wild-type (WT) and db/db mice were...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, quality, enzymes
Background: The antioxidant effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented red bean (natto-red bean) extract (NRBE) in young (6 weeks old) Sprague–Dawley rats and aged (12 months old) mice had been reported previously. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NRBE in the kidneys of streptozo- cin-induced diabetic rats. Design: Normal control rats and diabetic rats were orally gavaged with saline and low-dose NRBE (100 mg/ kg body weight [BW]), medium-dose NRBE (200 mg/kg...
protein, nutrition, fermentation, enzymes, safety
Background: Oleic-acid consumption can possibly prevent or delay metabolic diseases. In Israel, a Virgin- ia-type peanut cultivar with a high content of oleic acid has been developed. Objective: This study examined the effect of consuming high oleic peanuts (D7) on the development of fatty liver compared to the standard HN strain. Design: The two peanut cultivars were added to normal diet (ND) and high-fat (HF) mouse diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 8 and 10 weeks on a 4% D7, 4% HN, or...
food science, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Dietary oils differ in their fatty acid composition and the presence of additional microcompo- nents (antioxidants, etc.). These differences are thought to invoke different biochemical pathways, thus affect- ing fats and carbohydrates metabolism differently. Olive oil (OO) and soybean oil (SO) are common vegetable oils in the local cuisine. Peanuts oils of local varieties are viewed as potential sources of dietary vegetable oils, especially in the food industry. Objective: We...
food science, antioxidants, starch, protein, nutrition
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes associated with pregnancy and may impose risks on both mother and fetus. Akt paeoniflorin was shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti- hyperglycemia properties and has a potential ability to suppress mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. The current study aimed to study the effect of paeoniflorin on GDM maternal, fetal, and placental characteristics in vivo. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced gestational...
protein, nutrition, safety, analysis, bioactive
Background: Lentinus edodes is a medicinal mushroom widely used in Asian countries for protecting people against some types of cancer and other diseases. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the direct antiproliferation activity and the antitumor mechanisms of water-extracted polysaccharide (WEP1) purified from L. edodes in H22 cells and H22-bearing mice. Design: The extraction, isolation, purification, and structure determination of the water-soluted L. edodes...
protein, nutrition, color, analysis, chemistry
Background: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs) constitute the scientific basis for national di- etary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Objective: To define principles and methodologies for the sixth edition of NNR to be published in 2022 (NNR2022). Design: The principles and methodologies of the previous edition of NNR were used as a starting point. Re- cent nutrition recommendations commissioned by other national...
protein, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Qualified systematic reviews (SRs) will form the main basis for evaluating causal effects of nu- trients or food groups on health outcomes in the sixth edition of Nordic Nutrition Recommendations to be published in 2022 (NNR2022). Objective: To describe rationale and structure of SRs used in NNR2022. Design: The SR methodologies of the previous edition of NNR were used as a starting point. Methodolo- gies of recent SRs commissioned by leading national food and health authorities or...
protein, nutrition, quality, safety, analysis
Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) constitute a major part of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs). The step-by-step procedure used to develop SRs has evolved considerably over time and is often tailored to fit the exposure and outcomes in focus. Objective: To describe a detailed procedure for developing qualified SRs commissioned by the NNR2022 project. Design: Scrutinizing procedures of recent SRs commissioned by leading national food and health authorities or international food and...
nutrition, quality, analysis, extraction, health
Background: The non-dairy sector is growing, fermented alternatives to dairy are sparse. Adapted starter cultures to substituting raw materials needs to be developed. Objective: Aims of this study were to isolate, identify, and phenotypically characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that inhabit Swedish legumes, and assess properties necessary for selecting strains with the ability to ferment a bean beverage and with potential health beneficial properties. Design: Isolates of presumed LAB were...
flour, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background: Supplementation of fish oil has been shown to exert beneficial effects in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of fish oil in improving the quality of life of these patients through a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Methods: Among the 103 patients enrolled in the study, a total of 74 patients were randomized to receive fish oil (intervention group) or placebo (n=37 per group). Patients received identical soft-gel...
protein, nutrition, quality, analysis, health
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a disease characterized by high blood pressure de- tected after 20 weeks of pregnancy, affecting approximately 10% of pregnant women worldwide. Effective strategies are imperatively needed to prevent and treat PIH. Methods: Subjects were required to consume 100 g mushroom daily from pre-pregnancy to the 20th week of gestation. The gestational hypertension and related primary and secondary outcomes of the mushroom diet (MD) group and placebo...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, safety
Background: Parental feeding practices and family meals are important determinants for infants’ diet and health. Still, there is no previous research of the association between feeding practices and family meals in infants. Objective: Explore potential associations between feeding practices and family meals among infants. Design: We present cross-sectional results (baseline) from the Food4toddlers study. In total 298 parents of 1-year-olds, recruited from all over Norway, filled in a...
nutrition, quality, analysis, health
Background: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) generally have been thought to worsen insulin-resistance and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that SFAs are not a single homogeneous group, instead different SFAs are associated with T2DM in opposing directions. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) is directly correlated with dairy products, and a negative associa- tion between circulating PA and metabolic disease risk was observed...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, storage, analysis
Background: Dietary intake is an important factor in the development and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, optimal dietary composition remains unclear. Moreover, there is minimal evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of liver health in Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD. Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the dietary intake of a sample of Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD and examine the correlations with markers...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background: Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is a good source of carotenoids, including capsanthin, β-caro- tene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Several epidemiological studies have shown a beneficial association of intake of these carotenoids or their blood concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. However, little information is available regarding the effect of intake of these carotenoids on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Objective: The objective of the present...
protein, nutrition, quality, color, safety
Background: Low glycemic foods are beneficial for people with type II diabetes. At the same time, sustained glucose release is also beneficial for people suffering from glycogen storage diseases. Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a tuber indigenous to Indonesia, which has starch as the major storage carbohydrate. Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the speed of digestion of native and modified taro starch, compared to free glucose and wheat starch. Design: This was...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Food intake has important implications for patients with type 2 diabetes. Objective: Similarly, in other crop species, this observational study aimed to assess dietary carbohydrate (CHO) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) intake and examine their association with glycemic control among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design: We investigated dietary intake in 404 patients (207 males and 197 females) with T2DM between No- vember 2018 and March 2019. Dietary...
food science, starch, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: Tartary buckwheat has beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the physiological effects of a soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from tartary buckwheat have rarely been studied, especially in vivo. Objective: This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of SDF from tartary buckwheat bran on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Design: The SDF of tartary buckwheat bran was collected...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Maternal lipid intake in the early postnatal period has a long-term effect on the possibility of fatty liver formation in children; besides, the importance of lipid consumption during lactation for children’s health has been suggested. Green tea extract (GTE) contains abundant catechins, and it has been reported to improve lipid metabolism and prevent fatty liver. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal GTE intake during lactation on he- patic lipid...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, enzymes, analysis
Background: Climacterium is a series of physical and mental symptoms occurring in women and men due to decreased levels of sex hormones. Women lose the ability to become pregnant due to decreased ovarian es- trogen production; the initial symptom being hot flushes. In addition, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, mood changes, and osteoporosis occur. Extracts of Stauntonia hexaphylla (SH) and Vaccinium bracteatum (VB) fruits, with a wide range of biological activities, are widely used in...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, enzymes
Background: Involved in physical and brain development, immunity and metabolism, micronutrients have profound health effects. The nutritional status of pregnant women is a major determinant of foetal health. French Guiana has a rapid population growth. Social inequalities, cultural practices and gastrointestinal nem- atode infections in French Guiana could affect the prevalence of these deficiencies. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of micronutrient...
starch, nutrition, quality, analysis, health
Background: Evidence for whether the nutrient intakes of Japanese schoolchildren differ according to house- hold income is sparse. Objective: We investigated the role of school lunches for nutrient adequacy among Japanese primary school children using dietary reference intakes in a cross-sectional survey. Design: Participants were 10- to 11-year-old (5th grade) children from 19 public primary schools in four pre- fectures of East Japan, and 836 children were analyzed. The participants...
protein, fiber, nutrition, quality, analysis
Background: Alcoholic liver disease is caused as a result of chronic alcohol consumption. In this study, we used an alcoholic liver injury mouse model to investigate the effect of fucoidan on ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: All mice were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) model group, 3) diammonium glycyrrhizinate treatment group (200 mg/kg body weight), and 4) fucoidan treatment group (300 mg/kg body weight)....
food science, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, quality
Background: African populations in sub-Saharan Africa and African migrants in Europe are facing a rapid upsurge in obesity. This trend has been related to urbanization, migration and associated shifts in lifestyle, including dietary habits. Whether changes in eating patterns contribute to the rising burden of obesity among African populations is currently unknown. Objective: Our aims in conducting this study were to characterize eating patterns among Ghanaian adults living in their country of...
starch, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background: Resveratrol (RSV), a phenolic compound, is present in many human dietary sources, such as pea- nuts, peanut butter, grapes skin, and grape wine. RSV has been widely known for its benefits on human health. Beef from cattle skeletal muscle is one of the main sources of protein for human consumption. Previous studies have also found that pork and chicken qualities are influenced by the feed supplementation with RSV. In addi- tion, our previous study demonstrated the RSV effects on...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main cause of mortality and disability worldwide. One of the key factors in the soaring prevalence of CVD globally has been nutrition transitions and changes in dietary patterns. Objective: This study investigated the association between two diet scores, namely, a high-fat dietary (HFD) pattern score and a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) score, and CVD risk factors (obesity, hypertension, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) and serum 25 hydroxy...
polyphenols, starch, protein, nutrition, quality
Aims: To identify factors predicting a need for insulin therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by com- paring plasma glucose (PG) levels in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (75-g OGTT) with those in a 500-kcal meal tolerance test (MTT) containing 75 g of carbohydrate. Subjects and methods: The MTT was performed in 61 patients who diagnosed with GDM by a 75-g OGTT (age, 33.2 ± 4.5 years; prepregnancy body mass index, 22.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2; number of gestational weeks, 25.1 ± 6.4 weeks). PG...
protein, nutrition, analysis, chemistry, health
Background: In coping with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, cities adopted social isolation and lockdown measures; however, little is known about the impacts of these restrictions on household food security. Objective: This study provides a timely assessment of household food insecurity (HFI) in the Chinese city of Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic period and also investigates its determinant factors. Design: We collected valid data on food insecurity from 653 households in...
nutrition, quality, safety, analysis, health
Background: Plant-based foods such as hummus are alternative to animal protein, and when properly pre- pared, they help to alleviate nutritional iron deficiency that leads to anemia, a global health problem. Objective: The objective was to assess iron intake among Lebanese women and related participant’s charac- teristics, discern iron-rich dietary patterns, evaluate their association with nutrients intake and participant’s sociodemographic characteristics, and identify the women preparing...
food science, polyphenols, wheat, flour, starch
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications. The vitamin D status has never previously been studied in pregnant women in Iceland. Objective: The aim of this research study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of an Icelandic cohort of preg- nant women and the association between the vitamin D status and the GDM incidence. Design: Subjects included pregnant women (n = 938) who...
food science, nutrition, safety, analysis, health
Aims: To study the metabolic effects of fructose, glucose and saccharose in a moderate dose by analyzing changes of blood indicators, pancreas inflammation, liver fat accumulation and intestinal microbiota in nor- mal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Subjects and methods: Six-week-old rats were assigned to four groups (n = 10), which were gavaged with nor- malsaline (Con), glucose dissolved in normal saline (Glu), saccharose-glucose dissolved in normal saline (Sac), and fructose dissolved in normal...
antioxidants, wheat, flour, starch, protein
Mushrooms are part of vegetables and are important source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The objective was to assess the nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms in USDA Food Patterns using a similar approach to that used by USDA for Dietary Guidelines. A composite of commonly consumed raw mushrooms (white, brown/crimini and portabella; at 1:1:1 ratio) and raw speciality mushrooms (oyster mushrooms) were used for modeling. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: Air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure to air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. Plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants and a dietary approach based on these compounds could...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, quality
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is progressing rapidly, and poses significant threats to public health. A number of clinical practice results showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a significant role for COVID-19 treatment. Objective: To explore the active components and molecular mechanism of semen armeniacae amarum treating COVID-19 by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: The active components and potential targets of semen...
protein, nutrition, quality, color, analysis
Background: An adequate dietary intake, especially of protein and energy, is important for maintaining health among elderly people, especially those in care homes. One strategy to ensure nutritional intake is to customise attractive products through enrichment to match the needs of elderly people in care homes. Objective: To evaluate liking and practical aspects of protein and energy enriched in-between meals designed for elderly people in care homes through the use of quantitative and...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Low testosterone levels cause physiological changes that compromise the quality of life in ageing men. A standardised water extract from the root of Eurycoma longifolia (EL), known as Physta®, is known to increase testosterone levels. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Physta® in improving the testosterone levels and quality of life in ageing male subjects. Design: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 105 male subjects aged 50–70 years...
protein, nutrition, quality, safety, analysis
Background: Insulin resistance, defined as a diminished ability to respond to the stimulation of insulin, is the main line for a variety of metabolic-related diseases. Punicalagin (PU), a hydrolyzable tannin of pomegran- ate juice, exhibits multiple biological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective: This research study aimed at determining the protective effect of PU on insulin resistance and to uncover the underlying mechanism based on the...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, processing, storage
Food-related disorders are increasingly common in developed societies, and the psychological component of these disorders has been gaining increasing attention. Both overnourishment with high-fat diets and perinatal undernourishment in mice have been linked to a higher motivation toward food, resulting in an alteration in food intake. Clusterin (CLU), a multifaced protein, is overexpressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of over- fed rats, as well as in those that suffered chronic...
protein, nutrition, analysis, chemistry, functional
Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multisystem illness without a currently recognized pharmacological treatment. Dietary supplementation and modification have been posited as potential management strategies; however, their efficacy is controversial. Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutritional intake and supplement use of Australian ME/CFS pa- tients and the perceived effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the first time...
noodles, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) can result in severe damage to maternal and fetal health. It has been reported that gut microbiota (GM) had important roles in regulating the metabolic and inflammatory responses of the mother. However, investigations on GM in PE are rare. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes of GM in PE and how to alter the GM composition in PE by dietary or dietary supplements. Design: We analyzed the composition changes in GM as well as...
food science, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background: Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease triggered by gluten exposure in genetically predis- posed individuals. A life-long intake of a gluten-free (GF) diet is required for its management. Wheat, rye and barley are eliminated in a GF diet and the nutritional adequacy of the diet has been questioned. In Norway, cereals and bread constitute a key role of the diet and are the main source of fiber intake. Gluten restrictions may therefore offer important implications for...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, fiber