Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota

ARTICLE OPEN Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota Suraphan Panyod 1,2,12 , Wei-Kai Wu 3,4,12 , Sin-Yi Peng 1 , Yea-Jing Tseng 1 , Ya-Chi Hsieh 1 , Rou-An Chen 1 , Huai-Syuan Huang 1 , Yi-Hsun Chen 4 , Hsiao-Li Chuang 5 , Cheng-Chih Hsu 6 , Ting-Chin David Shen 7 , Kai-Chien Yang8 , Chi-Tang Ho 9 , Ming-Shiang Wu 4,10 ✉ and Lee-Yan Sheen 1,2,11 ✉ Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in diseases,...