Background: Heavy metals, which constitute a major public health concern, are known to accumulate in food and fruits during plants growth. Fruits which are readily consumed because of their characteristic sweet taste and potential health benefits stand a major risk of heavy metal intoxication. Hence, this study assessed some fruits commonly sold in Enugu, Nigeria for their nutrients, antioxidant potential and possible contamination with lead, cadmium and Nickel. Results: All the ten fruits of...
polyphenols, antioxidants, starch, protein, fiber
Background: The most common milk handling containers used by dairy actors along the informal milk value chain in developing countries are plastics jerry cans which are difficult to effectively be cleaned thus contributing immensely to milk contamination and consequently post-harvest losses. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of some common cleaning regimes used by the dairy actors in Kenya against reduction of surface microbial load on jerry cans. Milk handling plastic...
food science, nutrition, processing, quality, texture
Background: Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by phytopathogenic and spoilage fungi in animal feed as a result of poor storage. The mycotoxins can also originate in the field and are excreted in milk when dairy animals consume such feeds, posing a public health risk concern. Methods: The aim of this study was to conduct a risk assessment in the informal sub-value chains of rural and peri-urban dairy systems in Nakuru County, by determining the prevalence and quantity levels of mycotoxins in...
food science, wheat, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Antimicrobials are widely used in chicken production in Cameroon, but no quantitative data are available. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 98 farms holding 220,262 chickens, from February to May 2015 in six areas of Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, to describe and quantify the use of antimicrobials. Results: All the farms were using antimicrobials via drinking water administration. Twenty types of drugs containing antimicrobials belonging to 9 classes were recorded. 19.4...
food science, nutrition, quality, safety, analysis
Background: Surveys were conducted to determine awareness of mould infection in maize and groundnut in Kilosa District, Eastern Central Tanzania, between August and October 2010. Four villages of Msingisi, Rudewa-Batini, Mamoyo and Mkalama were surveyed. We sampled maize from each household for mycotoxins contamination after nine months of storage. A questionnaire was administered to heads of 72 selected households in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to check factor...
flour, color, storage, safety, analysis
Background: The presence of pollutants in honey can influence honey bee colony performance and devalue its use for human consumption. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), various clean-up methods were evaluated for efficient determination of multiclass pesticide contaminants in honey. The selected clean-up method was optimized and validated and then applied to perform a preliminary study of commercial honey samples from Africa. Results: The most efficient method was...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: The study was organized to evaluate residue levels of chlorpyrifos on Lactuca sativa that are likely to have accumulated on crop during cultivation and also examine the effect some pre-household treatment procedure on residue levels on the crop grown in a tropical and humid environment. Chlorpyrifos residue was extracted using acetonitrile. Subsequent detection and a quantification were done using GC with PFPD. Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos applied at different stages of growth of...
antioxidants, fiber, processing, quality, analysis
Background: Sweet potato, cocoyam, water yam, maize, millet, sorghum, and rice are major staple foods in Ghana. Flour from these roots and tubers and cereals are relatively cheaper, easy to produce and can be used in the manufacturing of wide range of products, including bread, cookies, meat pies, cake, chips and doughnut. However, due to the processing techniques used these flours may be contaminated with trace metals and aflatoxins. It was therefore necessary to determine the concentration...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, nutrition
Background: Cow milk is considered as one of the responsible food sources contaminated with heavy metals. The objectives of the study were to assess the content of selected metals in cow milk and its associated human health risks in the food chain of Bangladesh. A total of 90 cow milk samples of Branded, Dairy and Domestically produced milk were collected randomly from different sources of Savar Upazila in Dhaka area. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and iron...
flour, protein, processing, quality, storage
Background: Suusa is a spontaneously fermented milk product from raw camel milk used by the pastoral communities of Northern and Eastern Kenya. The product can be as a result of intentional fermentation at ambient temperature for 3 days where it is prepared by women specifically for home consumption. The product can also result from unintentional fermentation where raw camel milk intended for sale, undergoes coagulation at any node of the informal value chain. Since no heat treatment is...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Vietnamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is highly appreciated in many European countries, the U.S., Canada, Japan etc. This paper presents an overview of the microbiota of frozen Vietnamese catfish products marketed in Belgium. Samples of Pangasius steaks, portions and fillets from six brands were collected from supermarkets located in Ghent, Belgium. Results: The total psychrotrophic and mesophilic aerobic counts of the samples evaluated from each brand did not differ...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: In an attempt to enhance the quality and quantity of food production (especially milk) and in order to prevent, or treat,animal diseases, the use of antibiotics in Algeria follows an increasing trend. The increased use evidently contributes to the emergence of increased contamination levels of antibiotic residues. Results: In this work, two methods were used to detect presence of antibiotic residues in raw and fermented cow’s milk collected in Guelma’s farms (in Algeria). The...
nutrition, quality, color, shelf life, storage
Background: A substantial percentage of dog owners add water to dry dog food to increase its palatability. The recent association of Salmonella contamination of dry pet foods with salmonellosis cases in both dogs and their owners has generated a need to determine the ability of Salmonella to grow in eight commercial brands of rehydrated dry dog food. Results: Eight brands of commercial dry dog food were rehydrated to 20, 35 and 50% added moisture, inoculated with two S. enterica strains (~10 5...
food science, nutrition, texture, storage, safety
Background: Mexico has many natural resources for use in the food industry. In recent years Xoconostle, which is considered as a traditional food, has gained importance due to key its components such as fiber, antioxidants, and fermentative bacteria found in both the peel and fruit, which could benefit human and animal health. Information on the presence of organic contaminants such as pesticides in Xoconostle is important in protecting its reputation as a healthy food. The objective of this...
antioxidants, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Food adulteration is a global concern and developing countries are at higher risk associated with it due to lack of monitoring and policies. However, this is one of the most common phenomena that has been overlooked in many countries. Unfortunately, in contrast to common belief, milk adulterants can pose serious health hazards leading to fatal diseases. This paper presents a detailed review of common milk adulterants as well as different methods to detect the adulterants both qualitatively and...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, processing
Background: In Ethiopia, around 97% of the annual milk production is accounted by the traditional milk processing system using on-farm traditional milk processing materials that are generally poor in processing capacity, causing high product loss and risky for public consumption. A cross-sectional study was carried out in and around Gondar town, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia from October 2014 to may 2015 with the objective to assess the bacteriological milk quality, possible hygienic...
processing, quality, storage, fermentation, safety
Background: Pseudomonads play a major role in the spoilage of UHT processed dairy products, due to their growth-related protease production in raw milk. Results: To assess the off-flavor generating capacity of these AprX proteases in milk after UHT-processing, six major milk spoiling Pseudomonas groups were investigated. Sensory evaluation of the different processed milk samples showed large differences in the degree of proteolysis related to onset of off-flavors. Nevertheless, it was...
protein, processing, quality, sensory, color
Background: In Addis Ababa, where irrigation water for vegetable production is commonly derived from the highly polluted Akaki river, information on microbial contamination of water and irrigated vegetable is scanty. An assessment was done to determine the microbiological quality of irrigation water and lettuce harvested from 10 urban farming sites of Addis Ababa. The efficacy of 5 lettuce washing methods were also assessed. A total of 210 lettuce and 90 irrigation water samples were analyzed...
processing, quality, texture, microorganisms, safety
Background: Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA’s...
nutrition, quality, color, safety, analysis
Background: Antibiotic residues are drug substances found in food from plants or animals initially exposed to antibiotics. In animal husbandry antibiotics have widely been used for the treatment of animal diseases. These residues have the ability to expose the public to serious health hazards. In Kenya drug residues have not only been related to lack of withdrawal periods but also to intentional addition to extend milk’s shelf life. Results: The aim of this study was to investigate the...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background: Salmonella spp. is one of the most common pathogens associated with fresh produce related foodborne illness. This study aimed to determine Salmonella spp. contamination level in betel leaf, internalization potential and possible decontamination process. Results: A total of 77% betel leaf sample collected from local market was found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. Of all the Salmonella spp. isolated and identified, 28.5% belong to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar...
food science, protein, nutrition, quality, safety
Background: Recent concerns have been raised regarding heavy metal content in wine and its potential health implications. The goal of this study was to determine if lead (Pb) intake poses a health risk among adult consumers of wine. This was achieved by performing a literature review of studies reporting Pb concentration in United States and international wines, determining adult wine consumption rates in the United States using NHANES dietary survey data, utilizing the U.S. EPA’s Adult Lead...
nutrition, quality, fermentation, safety, analysis
Background: Wastewater irrigation for vegetable production is a highly prevalent practice in Addis Ababa and a number of articles have been published on wastewater-irrigated soils and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, an insight into assessment of human health risks associated with the consumption of vegetable crops grown on wastewater-irrigated soils is non-existent in the city. Long-term effect of wastewater irrigation on the build-up of heavy...
processing, quality, color, analysis, chemistry
E R R A T U M Open Access Erratum to: Assessment of awareness of mycotoxins infections in stored maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Kilosa District, Tanzania K. S. Magembe1 , M. W. Mwatawala 2* , D. P. Mamiro2 and E. E. Chingonikaya 1 Erratum After publication of the original article [1], the authors found the following typo occurred: 1. In the original article Title, “arachis hypogea” should be “Arachis hypogaea”. Please note that this has been corrected in the above...
Background: The main purpose of using spice to grill meat is to add aroma, colour, flavour, taste and pungency. However, the purpose is sometime befitted when spice is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria that result in foodborne illnesses and toxicological effect. Results: The study was necessitated by paucity information on handling practices and microbial load common spices used for grilling meat, Ghana. A total of twenty spice samples were collected from five popular and widely patronised...
flour, nutrition, processing, quality, sensory
Background: The use of pesticides in fruits and vegetable production is beneficial for preventing, destroying or repelling pests that may damage these crops. The use of these chemicals however, often leads to the presence of residues in the fruits and vegetables after harvest. This study investigated farmers’ compliance to applicable national standards by assessing pesticide residues in selected locally produced fruits and vegetables in two study sites in Monze, Zambia. The study used mixed...
nutrition, quality, storage, safety, analysis
Background: The lack of good production practices and probable post-fermentation contaminations contribute to bacterial pathogen load in ugba, a fermented food made from African oil been seeds (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth). Some of these bacteria are not easily detected using standard culturing techniques. The study used molecular-based approaches involving PCR, cloning and sequencing as well as culture-based methods to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria within the microbiome...
starch, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Meat has been part of the human diet for centuries and it is a recognizable source of high- biologic-value protein and several micronutrients; however, its consumption has been associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer). These concerns are mostly related to red meat. However, meat composition is quite variable within species and meat cuts. The present study explores the composition of pork meat, and the differences among different...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, sensory
Chocolate is a confectionery product whose consumption has increased, particularly dark chocolate. Chocolate is produced with varying amounts of cocoa liquor (CL), cocoa butter (CB) and cocoa powder (CP). The main chocolate types are dark, milk and white. Processing steps for chocolate production are described, and nutritional compositions examined for benefits and risks to health. Chocolate processing comprises steps at farm level, initial industrial processing for production of CL, CB and CP...
food science, polyphenols, antioxidants, noodles, protein
In an era where dietary habits significantly impact health, technological interventions can offer personalized and accessible food choices. This paper introduces Chef Dalle, a recipe recommendation system that leverages multi-model and multimodal human-computer interaction (HCI) techniques to provide personalized cooking guidance. The application integrates voice-to- text conversion via Whisper and ingredient image recognition through GPT-Vision. It employs an advanced recipe filtering system...
flour, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a pulsed electric field (PEF) on the structural and functional properties of quinoa protein isolate (QPI). The findings revealed a significant alteration in the secondary structure of QPI following PEF treatment, converting the random coil into the β-sheet, resulting in an improvement in structure orderliness and an enhancement of thermal stability. The PEF treatment led to a reduction in particle size, induced structural unfolding, and...
food science, wheat, flour, protein, nutrition
The kinetics solid-liquid extraction of phenolics from wild olive leaves was elaborated using different mathematical models (Peleg, second order, Elovich, and power law model). As solvents, methanol, ethanol, ethanol:water 1:1, n-propanol, isopropanol and ethyl acetate were used. The second order model best described the solvent extraction process, followed by the Elovich model. The most effective solvent was ethanol with optimum phenol extraction conditions 180 min, solvent to sample ratio...
polyphenols, antioxidants, processing, quality, color
Bad Bug Book Handbook of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Introduction Food safety is a complex issue that has an impact on all segments of society, from the general public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that cause...
noodles, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Oat milk was fortified with β-glucan at a level that attains health benefits and protein at a level equivalent to that of cow’s milk. This study aimed to identify consumer perceptions and evaluate the sensory attributes of fortified plain and chocolate oat milks. Oat milk consumers (n = 106) evaluated four samples: C (Control), 0Pro (6.25 g/L β-glucan), LPro (6.25 g/L β-glucan and 15.23 g/L oat protein), and HPro (6.25 g/L β-glucan and 30.45 g/L oat protein); and they completed free-word...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Artisan goat cheeses (AGCs) from four different producers in Coahuila, Mexico, along with a pasteurized goat cheese (C), were subjected to a comprehensive analysis covering production, chemical, microbiological aspects, and texture. The study aimed to discern the impact of feeding practices, seasonality, and manufacturing technology on their properties. Aspects such as the manu- facturing production, chemical composition, microbiological load, and texture characteristics were analyzed. The...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Digitalization of Food Properties using Python with Applications Prepared by: Dr. Gokhan Bingol (gbingol@pebytes.com) October 30, 2023 (Initial publication: December 05, 2022) Document version: 2.0 Updates will be available at: https://www.pebytes.com/pubs Follow on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@sciencesuit 1 -- 1 of 46 -- Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3 2....
food science, protein, processing, quality, texture
Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) can be used for craft chocolate production, which arouses consumer interest due to their perceived better quality. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile of 80% artisanal chocolate samples produced with cocoa beans subjected to different matura- tion conditions. In the first maturation process, beans were matured under no-oxygen conditions, and in the second, the toasted beans were matured in oak barrels. The volatile compounds of the chocolate...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: Nimbolide, a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree, has garnered attention as a poten- tial breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent updates in research highlight its multifaceted pharmacological properties, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. With a rich history in traditional medicine, nimbolide efficacy in addressing the molecular complexities of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, color, enzymes
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic conditions affecting about 5% of people world- wide. High mortality associated with DM is mostly due to its severe clinical complications, including diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural, biologically active polyphenol known to have various health-promoting effects in animal models and humans. Objective: In this review, we have reviewed the preventive and therapeutic role...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition
Background: In Norway, there is a lack of knowledge about the iodine status in the general and older adult population, and there is no established national monitoring programme for iodine. Several studies have indi- cated that iodine deficiency is prevalent in subgroups of the population. Salt iodisation is currently being considered as a measure to increase the population iodine status. In this cross-sectional study, the aim was to evaluate iodine status and determinants in the adult and...
nutrition, color, packaging, storage, safety
Background: Youth in childcare institutions may have lower levels of food literacy compared to other youth. Food literacy, indicating the ability to plan and prepare meals from scratch, is associated with consuming healthier diets. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how food literacy is transmitted to youth through involve- ment and participation in food-related activities in Norwegian childcare institutions. Design: Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured...
nutrition, quality, analysis, bread, health
Aim: To evaluate how effective a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is for changing key physical measure- ments such as weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and fat mass (FM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were obese or overweight. Methods: Several online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (WOS), were searched systematically to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up until June 2023. The...
protein, nutrition, quality, safety, analysis
Two de novo NNR2022 systematic reviews (SRs) as well as 21 qualified SRs (qSRs) were available. A literature search yielded an additional ~70 SRs, meta-analyses and biomarker papers. Diets lower in total fat are asso- ciated with reductions in body weight and blood pressure compared with diets higher in total fat in adults. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acid (SFA) with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) improves blood lipid profile, decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease...
protein, fiber, nutrition, quality, color
Background and aims: Physiologic and metabolic changes following spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to an increased risk of malnutrition. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a three-step approach to diag- nose malnutrition: 1) screening; 2) phenotypic and etiological criteria; and 3) malnutrition severity. The main aim of this study was to assess malnutrition in patients with SCI, according to the GLIM criteria. Methods: Patients with SCI (≥ 18 years) admitted to...
protein, nutrition, quality, sensory, analysis
Extensive research has been conducted to investigate the impact of capsaicin (CAP) on lipid metabolism, focusing specifically on its interaction with the vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. Additionally, stud- ies have illuminated the role of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a specific strain of intestinal microbiota, in lipid metabolism. In this study, a model utilizing resiniferatoxin (RTX) was employed to deac- tivate TRPV1 ion channels in germ-free mice, followed by the...
food science, protein, fiber, nutrition, enzymes
Background: Ischemic stroke produces oxidative stress in neurons and neuroglial, triggering a cellular response with HSP27 as one of the markers. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is reported to act as a neuroprotection by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, which can modulate HSP27. Objective: To analyze the potential neuroprotection of EVOO containing 7-g MUFA on the expression of HSP27 in the cerebral cortex of Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model....
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing
Background: In Norway, almost 97% of children attend kindergartens. Most of the daily food intake happens during the day in kindergartens, and the quality of food and meals being served is essential to promote healthy food habits. There is variation in the food that kindergartens provide, and kindergartens can ask for additional payment from parents to cover the food. There are no rules neither across kindergartens for the food offering nor how much additional payment kindergarten can request....
fiber, nutrition, quality, analysis, bread
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a family-based lifestyle intervention on reducing body weight among Jordanian children with obesity aged 6–9 years old. The pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 162 children (75 in the intervention group and 87 in the control group) with obesity aged 6–9 years old at four primary schools in Jordan during the period from March 2021 to July 2021. The results found that, after the intervention, there was a statistically significant...
nutrition, quality, analysis, health
Background: Obesity is characterized by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Objective: This study investigated the potential of Oxylia to prevent obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed with one of the following five diets – AIN93G normal diet (normal control), 60% (HFD; control), HFD containing metformin at 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) (Met; positive control), HFD...
polyphenols, antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing
Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin with key roles in metabolism and are found in most foods at low concentra- tions. Symptomatic biotin deficiency is rare, and few studies have investigated biotin requirements in relation to health outcomes. Data to support the setting of dietary reference values for biotin are limited.
protein, nutrition, storage, enzymes, safety