Detection of Adulterants in Powdered Foods Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Powdered foods are matrices transformed into fine, loose solid particles through dehy- dration and/or milling, which enhances stability, storage, and transport. Due to their high commercial value and susceptibility to fraudulent practices, detecting adulterants in powdered foods is essential for ensuring food safety and protecting consumer health and the economy. Food fraud in powdered products, such as spices, cereals, dairy-based powders, and dietary supplements, poses an increasing risk to...