Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mexican Dietary Supplements Using Total X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Health Risk Evaluation

This study used Total X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (TXRF) to analyze toxic heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr), in 45 dietary supplement samples consumed by the Mexican population. A health risk assessment was performed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Cumulative Cancer Risk (CCR). The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, and As were found to be 1.99 ± 0.13, 26.88 ± 0.23 , and 2.39 ± 0.11 mg/kg, respectively. For Pb, 80% of dietary...