The transition from pregnancy to lactation is critical in dairy cows. Among others, dairy cows experience a metabolic stress due to a large change in glucose and lipid metabolism. Recent studies revealed that bile acids (BA), besides being involved in both the emulsification and solubilization of fats during intestinal absorption, can also affect the metabolism of glucose and lipids, both directly or indirectly by affecting the gut microbiota. Thus, we used untargeted and targeted metabolomics...
starch, protein, quality, color, fermentation
Milking speed is an important trait influencing udder health of dairy cows as well as labor efficiency. Yet, it has received little attention in genomic association stud- ies. The main objective of this study was to determine regions and genes on the genome with a potential effect on milking speed in Fleckvieh (dual purpose Simmental) cattle. Genome-wide association studies were conducted using de-regressed breeding values of bulls as pheno- types. Six SNP on 4 autosomes were significantly...
protein, quality, analysis, functional, health
Microbes play an important role in human and animal health as well as animal productivity. The host microbial interactions within ruminants play a critical role in ani- mal health and productivity and provide up to 70% of the animal’s energy need in the form of fermentation prod- ucts. As such, many studies have investigated microbial community composition to understand microbial com- munity changes and factors that affect microbial coloni- zation and persistence. The advances in next...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, color
Dairy herds have adopted sexed semen (SS) and beef semen (BS) to control heifer inventory and increase calf sales revenue. Beef in vitro-produced embryo transfer (beef IVP-ET) may be an alternative to increase calf sales revenue. Besides, raising those Jersey beef cross- bred and/or pure beef animals in a dairy system may be a new source of revenue. We aimed to evaluate breed strategies combining dairy conventional semen (CS), SS, BS, and beef IVP-ET on herd dynamics and prof- itability by...
protein, nutrition, quality, color, analysis
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between preweaning diarrhea and mea- sures of survival, health and production. The measures of interest included survival (mortality before first calv- ing and time to removal from the herd), health (retained fetal membranes, metritis, mastitis and somatic cell count), and production (305d mature equivalent milk yield and time to first calving). A secondary objective was to investigate if these associations varied according to...
nutrition, analysis, health
Calf loss continues to be a considerable problem on German dairy farms. Untrained personnel or the lack of best practice routines are potential reasons. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) may increase process consistency and can improve animal health and animal welfare. We developed SOPs for 8 important tasks in calf care and provided them online to interested dairy farmers and their employees. Five questionnaires were embed- ded to collect data on demographics, use, perception, and...
nutrition, processing, quality, analysis, health
Breeding animals able to effectively respond to stress could be a long-term, sustainable, and affordable strategy to improve resilience and welfare in livestock systems. In the present study, the concentrations of 29 plasma biomarkers were used as candidate endophenotypes for metabolic stress response in single-SNP, gene- and hap- lotype-based GWAS using 739 healthy lactating Italian Holstein cows and 88,271 variants. Significant genetic associations were found in all the 3 GWAS approaches for...
protein, nutrition, quality, enzymes, analysis
The uptake of AA in mammary tissues is affected by prolactin (PRL). To investigate whether PRL-induced AA uptake is involved in L-type AA transporter 1 (LAT1), we analyzed the changes of AA in the medium of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells in the presence of PRL or PRL plus BCH, an inhibitor of LAT1. Then Western blot and luciferase assay were used to detect the regulation mechanism of PRL on LAT1 expression and function. Our results showed that Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Lys, Phe, and...
protein, storage, analysis, functional, composition
High-yielding dairy cows encounter metabolic chal- lenges in early lactation. Typically, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), measured at a specific time point is employed to diagnose the metabolic status of cows based on a prede- termined threshold. However, in early lactation, BHB is highly dynamic, and there is high interindividual vari- ability in its time profile. This could limit the effective- ness of the single measurement and threshold-based di- agnosis probably contributing to the disparities in...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, analysis
Widespread genotyping has enabled the identifica- tion of putative recessive mutations that affect fertility through early embryonic fetal loss, or compromise neo- nate or calf viability. The use of artificial insemination in the global dairy population can rapidly spread these harmful mutations, and testing for multiple mutations can become relatively expensive if not all tests are avail- able on the same SNP panel. However, it is possible to provide heifer and cow predicted carrier status to...
processing, quality, analysis
Milk serves as an important dietary source of bioactive peptides, offering notable benefits to individuals. Among the antioxidant short peptides (di- and tripeptides) gener- ated from gastrointestinal digestion are characterized by enhanced bioavailability and bioaccessibility, while as- sessing them individually presents a labor-intensive and expensive challenge. Based on 4 distinct types of amino acid descriptors (physicochemical, 3D structural, quan- tum, and topological attributes) and...
antioxidants, protein, processing, quality, storage
The aims of this research were to evaluate how pro- longed feeding of a high-concentrate diet affects the ruminal degradation kinetics of fiber and starch, and to evaluate the effects of the high-concentrate diet on appar- ent total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. We also investigated the dysbiotic effects and the remodeling of the hindgut microbiome with prolonged high-concentrate feeding. Nine Holstein cows were used in 2 experimental periods; in each period, cows were first fed...
wheat, flour, starch, protein, fiber
Factors contributing to variations in the quality and mi- crobiota of ensiled forages and in bulk tank microbiota in milk from cows fed different forages were investigated. Nutritional quality, fermentation parameters and hygiene quality of forage samples and corresponding bulk tank milk samples collected in 3 periods from 18 commercial farms located in northern Sweden were compared. Prin- cipal coordinates analysis revealed that the microbiota in forage and bulk milk, analyzed using 16S rRNA...
wheat, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Despite considerable research efforts, lipase catalysis in a fluid milk system with aqueous multi-component mixtures containing multiple microphases, remains challenging. Pickering interfacial biocatalysis (PIB) platforms are typically fabricated with organic solvents/ lipids and water. Whether a PIB with excellent cata- lytic performance can be constructed in complex milk mixtures remains unknown. Here, we challenged PIB with skim milk, and a small amount of flaxseed oil, and phytosterols as...
flour, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background Ochratoxin A (OTA), a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant, is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution. The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear. This study screened the substance curcumin (Cur), which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation, from 96 natural products and investigated its effect and mechanism in...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, quality
Background Carcass traits are crucial indicators of meat production efficiency. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with these traits remain unclear. Results In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and genomic analyses on 399 Tiannong par- tridge chickens to identify key genes and variants associated with carcass traits and to elucidate the underlying regu- latory mechanisms. Based on association analyses with the elastic net (EN) model, we identified 12...
protein, fiber, quality, color, safety
Due to high environmental temperatures and climate change, heat stress is a severe concern for poultry health and production, increasing the propensity for food insecurity. With climate change causing higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns in recent years, poultry are increasingly vulnerable to this environmental stressor. To mitigate heat stress, nutritional, genetic, and managerial strategies have been implemented with some success. How- ever, these strategies did not adequately...
antioxidants, protein, fiber, nutrition, processing
Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tender- ness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived...
protein, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life, understand- ing how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal health. Feeding probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune function. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, color
Background Comprehending the patterns of alteration in boar semen quality and identifying effective nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing the productivity of commercial pig systems. This study aimed to examine the alteration in semen quality in boars, and assess the impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on semen quality dur- ing the phase of declining semen quality. Methods In Exp. 1, a total of 38 Pig Improvement Company (PIC) boars were selected and their semen quality data were...
polyphenols, antioxidants, wheat, flour, protein
Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development. We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) sources, flaxseed oil (FLX) and fish oil (FO), on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the expelled placenta, as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates. Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, quality, color
Background The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of dairy cows, yet studies on its functionality and its impact on peripheral circulation in these animals are relatively scarce, particularly regard- ing dietary interventions. Therefore, our study undertook a comprehensive analysis, incorporating both metabolomics and transcriptomics, to explore the effects of a grain-based diet on the functionality of the hypothalamus, as well as on blood and milk in dairy cows....
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, color
Background Wooden breast (WB) myopathy is a common myopathy found in commercial broiler chickens world- wide. Histological examination has revealed that WB myopathy is accompanied by damage to the pectoralis major (PM) muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of WB in broilers have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) in the formation of WB myopathy. Results Histological...
protein, fiber, nutrition, processing, quality
Background Infection with pathogenic bacteria during nonantibiotic breeding is one of the main causes of animal intestinal diseases. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that is ubiquitous in plants. Our previous work dem- onstrated the protective effect of OA on intestinal health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with OA can prevent diarrhea and intestinal immune dysregulation caused by enterotoxigenic...
protein, nutrition, quality, storage, enzymes
Background The intestinal epithelium performs essential physiological functions, such as nutrient absorption, and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of harmful substances. Mycotoxins are prevalent contaminants found in ani‑ mal feed that exert harmful effects on the health of livestock. Zearalenone (ZEA) is produced by the Fusarium genus and induces gastrointestinal dysfunction and disrupts the health and immune system of animals. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms that regulate...
wheat, protein, nutrition, quality, color
Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture. While most cellular agriculture is predominantly centered on the production of cultured meat, there is a growing demand for an understanding of the production techniques involved in dairy products within cellular agriculture. This review focuses on the current status of cellular agriculture in the dairy sector and tech- nical challenges for...
food science, polyphenols, starch, protein, fiber
The myostatin (MSTN) gene is considered a potential genetic marker to improve economically important traits in live‑ stock, since the discovery of its function using the MSTN knockout mice. The anti‑myogenic function of the MSTN gene was further demonstrated in farm animal species with natural or induced mutations. In poultry species, myo‑ genesis in cell culture was regulated by modulation of the MSTN gene. Also, different expression levels of the MSTN gene in poultry models with different...
protein, fiber, nutrition, quality, analysis
Background This study investigated effects of different methionine (Met) supplementation levels in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, intestinal health, and different physiological parameters in broilers under Eimeria challenge. A total of 600 fourteen-day-old Cobb500 male broilers were challenged with E. maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina, and randomly allocated in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement. Birds received normal protein diets (20% crude protein, NCP) or reduced protein...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, quality, storage
Background Various blood metabolites are known to be useful indicators of health status in dairy cattle, but their routine assessment is time‑consuming, expensive, and stressful for the cows at the herd level. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of combining in‑line near infrared (NIR) milk spectra with on‑farm (days in milk [DIM] and parity) and genetic markers for predicting blood metabolites in Holstein cattle. Data were obtained from 388 Holstein cows from a farm with an AfiLab system....
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
Background The proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is essential to follicular development and the ubiquitin–proteasome system is necessary for maintaining cell cycle homeostasis. Previous studies found that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) regulates female reproduction, especially in ovarian development. However, the mechanism by which UCHL1 regulates porcine GC proliferation remains unclear. Results UCHL1 overexpression promoted GC...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, enzymes, analysis
Background Biologically annotated neural networks (BANNs) are feedforward Bayesian neural network models that utilize partially connected architectures based on SNP-set annotations. As an interpretable neural network, BANNs model SNP and SNP-set effects in their input and hidden layers, respectively. Furthermore, the weights and connections of the network are regarded as random variables with prior distributions reflecting the manifestation of genetic effects at various genomic scales....
wheat, protein, quality, analysis, extraction
Background Previous studies have shown that the vitrification of metaphase II (MII) oocytes significantly represses their developmental potential. Abnormally increased oxidative stress is the probable factor; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The walnut-derived peptide TW-7 was initially isolated and purified from walnut protein hydrolysate. Accumulating evidences implied that TW-7 was a powerful antioxidant, while its prospective application in oocyte cryopreservation has not...
antioxidants, protein, quality, enzymes, analysis
Background Sows commonly experience insulin resistance in late gestation and lactation, causing lower feed intake and milk production, which can lead to higher mortality rates in newborn piglets. The probiotic Lactobacillus rham- nosus GG (LGG) is known to improve insulin resistance. However, whether supplementing LGG can improve insulin sensitivity in sows and enhance lactation performance, particularly the early survival of offspring remains unclear. Hence, we explored the effects and...
food science, wheat, starch, protein, fiber
Background Weaning stress reduces growth performance and health of young pigs due in part to an abrupt change in diets from highly digestible milk to fibrous plant-based feedstuffs. This study investigated whether dietary galactoo- ligosaccharide (GOS), supplemented both pre- and post-weaning, could improve growth performance and intestinal health via alterations in the hindgut microbial community. Methods Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, during farrowing 288 piglets from 24 litters received...
wheat, flour, protein, fiber, nutrition
conservation agreements among individuals, established through landowner associations, labour unions or more informal groups. They determine management practices, such as communal labour in coffee communities 37 or rules around collecting firewood and non-timber forest products in common forests38 . Monitoring and social control can take the form of physical help or verbal advice among neighbours 39 , as well as social pressure. It can lead to sanctions, such as community exclusion for...
analysis, extraction, functional, technology
Background: In response to consumer demand for novel and healthy foods, the presence in the market of olive oils (OOs) flavored with different plants, spices, herbs or fruits is increasingly common. All these flavoring agents have been used over the years due to their content in compounds with biological activities. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the addition of S. montana EO at 100 ppm (0.01%, v/v), known for its high content of bioactive compounds, good...
food science, polyphenols, antioxidants, wheat, nutrition
Background: Antinutritional factors present in food may reduce the bioavailability of nutrients and cause harmful effects to human health. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of traditional processing methods on protein digestibility, nutrient and antinutrient constituents of seeds of Bauhinia petersiana. Subjects and Methods: The seeds were processed by soaking in water, boiling or roasting before analyzing protein digestibility, nutrient and antinutrient compositions....
food science, wheat, flour, starch, protein
1 Introduction In Algeria, "Red Meat Industry" is based on cattle and sheep farms. However, camel and goat production, represents marginal levels of production. This situation leads us to state that local meat production does not cover domestic market demand, which has led to the development of the import flow of frozen boneless meat, particularly bovine reaching 19 586 t (3 348 USD/t), during the first semester of year 2015 and 14 571 t (3 000 USD/t) during the second semester of the same...
protein, nutrition, processing, quality, sensory
Research Article Effect of Temperature, Time, and Material Thickness on the Dehydration Process of Tomato A. F. K. Correia, 1,2 A. C. Loro,1,3 S. Zanatta, 1,3 M. H. F. Spoto, 1,2 and T. M. F. S. Vieira 2 1 Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, University of S˜ao Paulo, 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 2 College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of S˜ao Paulo, 13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 3 Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture,...
food science, antioxidants, flour, nutrition, processing
Review Article Potential Hazards Associated with Raw Donkey Milk Consumption: A Review F. Conte and A. Panebianco Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to F. Conte; fconte@unime.it Received 5 February 2019; Revised 20 March 2019; Accepted 2 April 2019; Published 2 June 2019 Academic Editor: Haile Yancy Copyright © 2019 F. Conte and A. Panebianco. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, quality
ARTICLE OPEN Chemical messages from an ancient buried bottle: metabolomics for wine archeochemistry Chloé Roullier-Gall 1,2 , Silke S. Heinzmann 2 , Jean-Pierre Garcia 3 , Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin 1,2 and Régis D. Gougeon 4 Restoration works in the old Clunisian Saint-Vivant monastery in Burgundy revealed an unidentified wine bottle (SV1) dating between 1772 and 1860. Chemical evidence for SV1 origin and nature are presented here using non-targeted Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance...
polyphenols, color, storage, fermentation, analysis
ARTICLE OPEN Direct interaction of food derived colloidal micro/nano- particles with oral macrophages Lijing Ke 1 , Huiqin Wang1 , Guanzhen Gao 1 , Pingfan Rao1 , Lei He 1 and Jianwu Zhou 1 Like any typical food system, bone soup (or broth), a traditional nourishing food in many cultures, contains a colloid dispersion of self-assembled micro/nano-particles. Food ingestion results in the direct contact of food colloidal MNPs with immune cells. Will they ever interact with each other? To answer...
polyphenols, protein, nutrition, processing, color
ARTICLE OPEN Food-grade cationic antimicrobial ε-polylysine transiently alters the gut microbial community and predicted metagenome function in CD-1 mice Xiaomeng You 1 , Jonah E. Einson 1,2 , Cynthia Lyliam Lopez-Pena 1,5 , Mingyue Song 1 , Hang Xiao 1 , David Julian McClements 1 and David A. Sela 1,3,4 Diet is an important factor influencing the composition and function of the gut microbiome, but the effect of antimicrobial agents present within foods is currently not understood. In this...
food science, polyphenols, protein, fiber, nutrition
ARTICLE OPEN Four years post-horsegate: an update of measures and actions put in place following the horsemeat incident of 2013 Stephanie Brooks 1 , Christopher T. Elliott 1 , Michelle Spence 1 , Christine Walsh 2 and Moira Dean 1 Complexities in food supply chains were highlighted by the so called ‘horsegate’ crisis in 2013, where beef meat was fraudulently adulterated with horse meat causing widespread recalls and subsequent investigations across both retail and food service markets in the...
processing, quality, storage, safety, analysis
ARTICLE OPEN Determination of triacylglycerol oxidation mechanisms in canola oil using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Shunji Kato 1,2 , Naoki Shimizu 1 , Yasuhiko Hanzawa 1 , Yurika Otoki 1 , Junya Ito 1 , Fumiko Kimura 3 , Susumu Takekoshi 2 , Masayoshi Sakaino 4 , Takashi Sano 4 , Takahiro Eitsuka 1 , Teruo Miyazawa 5,6 and Kiyotaka Nakagawa1 Triacylglycerol (TG), the main component of edible oil, is oxidized by thermal- or photo- oxidation to form TG hydroperoxide (TGOOH) as...
antioxidants, starch, protein, nutrition, quality
ARTICLE OPEN Effects of high-intensity ultrasound and oil type on the Maillard reaction of D -glucose and glycine in oil-in-water systems Hang Yu 1 , Yi-Xin Seow 2 , Peter K. C. Ong 1,2 and Weibiao Zhou 1,3 This study addresses the effect of high-intensity ultrasonic processing on four oil-in-water systems, using sunflower, peanut, olive and flaxseed oils, respectively, that contained an aqueous D -glucose and glycine Maillard reaction (MR) model system. The MR in the water phase was promoted...
food science, antioxidants, starch, protein, processing
ARTICLE OPEN Statuses of food-derived glutathione in intestine, blood, and liver of rat Hiroaki Yamada 1 , Shinn Ono 2 , Sayori Wada 3 , Wataru Aoi 3 , Eun Young Park 3,4 , Yasushi Nakamura3 and Kenji Sato 1 Oral administration of glutathione has been demonstrated to reduce exercise-induced fatigue and improve liver function, although glutathione can be synthesized in the liver. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of this effect. To address this, the status of food-derived...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, fermentation, enzymes
ARTICLE OPEN Application of industrial treatments to donor human milk: influence of pasteurization treatments, storage temperature, and time on human milk gangliosides Jaime Salcedo 1 , Sercan Karav 2 , Annabelle Le Parc3,5 , Joshua L. Cohen 1 , Juliana M. L. N. de Moura Bell 1 , Adam Sun3 , Matthew C. Lange 1 and Daniela Barile 1,4 Donor milk is the best option when mother’s own milk is unavailable. Heat treatments are applied to ensure donor milk safety. The effects of heat treatments on...
food science, protein, nutrition, processing, storage
ARTICLE OPEN Effect of bovine milk fat globule membranes as a complementary food on the serum metabolome and immune markers of 6-11-month-old Peruvian infants Hanna Lee 1 , Nelly Zavaleta 2 , Shin-Yu Chen1 , Bo Lönnerdal 3 and Carolyn Slupsky 1,3 This study builds on a previous study by this group in which 6–11-month-old Peruvian infants who were fed bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) containing complementary food had significantly fewer episodes of infection-related bloody diarrhea...
food science, protein, nutrition, color, storage
ARTICLE OPEN Purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from cooked eggs using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells Jiapei Wang1 , Wang Liao1,2 , Chamila Nimalaratne 1 , Subhadeep Chakrabarti1,2 and Jianping Wu1,2 Antioxidant peptides derived from food sources are considered as safer alternatives to commercially available antioxidant drugs. As one of the most abundant protein sources, hen’s egg proteins were extensively used to produce...
antioxidants, protein, nutrition, processing, quality