Development of Intelligent and Active Gelatin-Based Packaging Film Incorporating Red Onion Anthocyanins and Encapsulated Citronella Oil

With rising living standards, consumer demand for fresher food continues to increase. Con- sequently, the development of multifunctional packaging materials that enable real-time freshness monitoring, delay spoilage, and ensure environmental sustainability has become a central research focus. The present study developed an antibacterial and pH-responsive smart packaging film, formulated from a κ-carrageenan/gelatin (CG) matrix. This film incorporated anthocyanins extracted from red onion skin...