Synthetic plastic pollution represents a major global concern, driving the search for sus- tainable and biodegradable packaging alternatives

Synthetic plastic pollution represents a major global concern, driving the search for sus- tainable and biodegradable packaging alternatives. However, many biodegradable plastics suffer from inadequate mechanical performance. This study aimed to develop a biodegrad- able film based on cassava starch, incorporating onion peel powder (OPP), a byproduct rich in quercetin derivatives, as a reinforcing agent and plasticized with crude glycerol. A Central Composite Design (CCD), implemented using...