Stauntonia hexaphylla leaf extract (YRA-1909) suppresses inflammation by modulating AktNF-B signaling in lipopolysaccharide-activated peritoneal macrophages and rodent models of inflammation

Background: Inflammation is emerging as a key contributor to many vascular diseases and furthermore plays a major role in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, allergic reactions, and cancer. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a component constituting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is commonly used for an inflam- matory stimuli to mimic inflammatory diseases. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor and regulates gene expression particularly related to the inflammatory...